See 機制 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"This form has one or more other meanings."
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "機製",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Traditional-Chinese",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "機制",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 51 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "mechanism of accountability",
"roman": "wènzé jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "問責機制",
"translation": "mechanism of accountability",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "mechanism of accountability",
"roman": "wènzé jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "问责机制",
"translation": "mechanism of accountability",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"english": "cooperative mechanism",
"roman": "hézuò jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "合作機制",
"translation": "cooperative mechanism",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"english": "cooperative mechanism",
"roman": "hézuò jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "合作机制",
"translation": "cooperative mechanism",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
18
]
],
"english": "feedback mechanism",
"roman": "fǎnkuì jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "反饋機制",
"translation": "feedback mechanism",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
18
]
],
"english": "feedback mechanism",
"roman": "fǎnkuì jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "反馈机制",
"translation": "feedback mechanism",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mechanism (natural or established process by which something takes place or is brought about)"
],
"id": "en-機制-zh-noun-hoEzhcMI",
"links": [
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"roman": "jīlǐ",
"sense": "mechanism",
"word": "機理"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"roman": "jīlǐ",
"sense": "mechanism",
"word": "机理"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"system; structure; organization"
],
"id": "en-機制-zh-noun-AqN-ftmT",
"links": [
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"organization",
"organization"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jīzhì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ zai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gi¹ zi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jīzhì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jijhìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "chi¹-chih⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "jī-jr̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "jijyh"
},
{
"roman": "czičži",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цзичжи"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "基質",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "基质",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機製",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機智",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机智",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ zai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gēi jai"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ dzai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "géi¹ zei³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-tsè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kizex"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki³³ t͡se⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-tsì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kicix"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gi¹ zi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki tsì"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki³³⁻²³ t͡si²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "chiefly of a society",
"roman": "zhìdù",
"translation": "chiefly of a society",
"word": "制度"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xìtǒng",
"word": "系統"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xìtǒng",
"word": "系统"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǐzhì",
"word": "體制"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǐzhì",
"word": "体制"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǐxì",
"word": "體系"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǐxì",
"word": "体系"
}
],
"word": "機制"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"This form has one or more other meanings."
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "機製",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Traditional-Chinese",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "機制",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 51 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "xīnlǐ fángyù jīzhì",
"word": "心理防禦機制"
},
{
"roman": "xīnlǐ fángyù jīzhì",
"word": "心理防御机制"
},
{
"word": "機制紙"
},
{
"word": "机制纸"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjì jīzhì",
"word": "經濟機制"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjì jīzhì",
"word": "经济机制"
},
{
"roman": "zìwǒ fángwèi jīzhì",
"word": "自我防衛機制"
},
{
"roman": "zìwǒ fángwèi jīzhì",
"word": "自我防卫机制"
}
],
"glosses": [
"machine-made; machine-processed"
],
"id": "en-機制-zh-adj-HNRMRFwm",
"links": [
[
"machine",
"machine"
],
[
"made",
"made"
],
[
"process",
"process"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(attributive) machine-made; machine-processed"
],
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jīzhì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ zai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gi¹ zi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jīzhì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jijhìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "chi¹-chih⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "jī-jr̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "jijyh"
},
{
"roman": "czičži",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цзичжи"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "基質",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "基质",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機製",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機智",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机智",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ zai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gēi jai"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ dzai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "géi¹ zei³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-tsè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kizex"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki³³ t͡se⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-tsì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kicix"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gi¹ zi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki tsì"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki³³⁻²³ t͡si²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "機制"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "機制",
"ruby": [
[
"機",
"き"
],
[
"制",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kisei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きせい"
},
"expansion": "機(き)制(せい) • (kisei)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Psychology",
"orig": "ja:Psychology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
17
]
],
"english": "defense mechanism",
"roman": "bōei kisei",
"ruby": [
[
"防衛",
"ぼうえい"
],
[
"機制",
"きせい"
]
],
"text": "防衛機制",
"translation": "defense mechanism",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mechanism"
],
"id": "en-機制-ja-noun-PerCjB52",
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychology) mechanism"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きせー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲise̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "機制"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gije",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "기제",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "기제"
},
"expansion": "機制 • (gije) (hangeul 기제)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "mechanism",
"word": "기제"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 기제 (“mechanism”)"
],
"id": "en-機制-ko-noun-RkezHJD5",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"기제",
"기제#Korean"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "機制"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "機制",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "機制",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of cơ chế (“mechanism”)"
],
"id": "en-機制-vi-noun-aWy8vC6M",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"cơ chế",
"cơ chế#Vietnamese:_機制"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
]
]
}
],
"word": "機制"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 制",
"Chinese terms spelled with 機",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"This form has one or more other meanings."
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "機製",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Traditional-Chinese",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "機制",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "mechanism of accountability",
"roman": "wènzé jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "問責機制",
"translation": "mechanism of accountability",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "mechanism of accountability",
"roman": "wènzé jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "问责机制",
"translation": "mechanism of accountability",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"english": "cooperative mechanism",
"roman": "hézuò jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "合作機制",
"translation": "cooperative mechanism",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"english": "cooperative mechanism",
"roman": "hézuò jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "合作机制",
"translation": "cooperative mechanism",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
18
]
],
"english": "feedback mechanism",
"roman": "fǎnkuì jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "反饋機制",
"translation": "feedback mechanism",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
18
]
],
"english": "feedback mechanism",
"roman": "fǎnkuì jīzhì",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "反馈机制",
"translation": "feedback mechanism",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mechanism (natural or established process by which something takes place or is brought about)"
],
"links": [
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"system; structure; organization"
],
"links": [
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"organization",
"organization"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jīzhì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ zai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gi¹ zi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jīzhì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jijhìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "chi¹-chih⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "jī-jr̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "jijyh"
},
{
"roman": "czičži",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цзичжи"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "基質",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "基质",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機製",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機智",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机智",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ zai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gēi jai"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ dzai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "géi¹ zei³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-tsè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kizex"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki³³ t͡se⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-tsì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kicix"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gi¹ zi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki tsì"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki³³⁻²³ t͡si²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jīlǐ",
"sense": "mechanism",
"word": "機理"
},
{
"roman": "jīlǐ",
"sense": "mechanism",
"word": "机理"
},
{
"english": "chiefly of a society",
"roman": "zhìdù",
"translation": "chiefly of a society",
"word": "制度"
},
{
"roman": "xìtǒng",
"word": "系統"
},
{
"roman": "xìtǒng",
"word": "系统"
},
{
"roman": "tǐzhì",
"word": "體制"
},
{
"roman": "tǐzhì",
"word": "体制"
},
{
"roman": "tǐxì",
"word": "體系"
},
{
"roman": "tǐxì",
"word": "体系"
}
],
"word": "機制"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 制",
"Chinese terms spelled with 機",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "xīnlǐ fángyù jīzhì",
"word": "心理防禦機制"
},
{
"roman": "xīnlǐ fángyù jīzhì",
"word": "心理防御机制"
},
{
"word": "機制紙"
},
{
"word": "机制纸"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjì jīzhì",
"word": "經濟機制"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjì jīzhì",
"word": "经济机制"
},
{
"roman": "zìwǒ fángwèi jīzhì",
"word": "自我防衛機制"
},
{
"roman": "zìwǒ fángwèi jīzhì",
"word": "自我防卫机制"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"This form has one or more other meanings."
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "機製",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Traditional-Chinese",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "機制",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"machine-made; machine-processed"
],
"links": [
[
"machine",
"machine"
],
[
"made",
"made"
],
[
"process",
"process"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(attributive) machine-made; machine-processed"
],
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jīzhì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ zai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gi¹ zi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jīzhì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄐㄧ ㄓˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jijhìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "chi¹-chih⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "jī-jr̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "jijyh"
},
{
"roman": "czičži",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цзичжи"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "基質",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "基质",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機製",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机制",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "機智",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "机智",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ zai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gēi jai"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gei¹ dzai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "géi¹ zei³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-tsè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kizex"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki³³ t͡se⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-chì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ki-tsì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kicix"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gi¹ zi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ki tsì"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki³³⁻²³ t͡si²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "機制"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "機制",
"ruby": [
[
"機",
"き"
],
[
"制",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kisei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きせい"
},
"expansion": "機(き)制(せい) • (kisei)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 制 read as せい",
"Japanese terms spelled with 機 read as き",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Psychology"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
17
]
],
"english": "defense mechanism",
"roman": "bōei kisei",
"ruby": [
[
"防衛",
"ぼうえい"
],
[
"機制",
"きせい"
]
],
"text": "防衛機制",
"translation": "defense mechanism",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mechanism"
],
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychology) mechanism"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きせー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲise̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "機制"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gije",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "기제",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "기제"
},
"expansion": "機制 • (gije) (hangeul 기제)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "mechanism",
"word": "기제"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 기제 (“mechanism”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"기제",
"기제#Korean"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "機制"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "機制",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "機制",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of cơ chế (“mechanism”)"
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"cơ chế",
"cơ chế#Vietnamese:_機制"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
]
]
}
],
"word": "機制"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 機制 meaning in All languages combined (15.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"機制"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "機制",
"trace": "started on line 21, detected on line 21"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"機制"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "機制",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"機制"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "機制",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.